Wave-motor.



PATENTED AUG. 29, 1905.

F. S. KEYES.

WAVE MOTOR.

APPLIGATIOE FILED AUG. 31, 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

ATTORNEYS PATBNTED AUG. 29, 1905.

Rs. KEYES.

WAVE MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31, 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2 WITNESSES:

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PATENTED AUG. 29, 1905.

1-". s. KBYES. WAVE MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31, 1904.

6 SHEETS-P831311. 3.

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PATENTBD AUG. 29, 190-5.

F. S. KBYES.

WAVE MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31, 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ATTORNEYS ANDREW n (mum c0, Pnow-uvkosknuzns. wAsmNcmm o c.

PATENTED AUG. 29, 1905.

F. S. KBYES.

WAVE MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 31, 1904.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 6 WITNESSES z? 3 %-&

ANDREW. 5. Guam :0, waro-umounuuzns. WASNINGYQN. u, a

FREDERICK S. KEYES, OF WARREN, MASSACHUSETTS.

WAVE-MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 29, 1905.

Application filed August 81,1904. Serial No. 222,839.

To a whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK S. KEYES, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Vvarren, in the county of Worcester and State ofMassachusetts, have invented a new and Improved ave-Motor, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to apparatus for utilizing. the energy of suchmovements in large bodies of water as waves. Its principal objects areto provide an apparatus of this character in which the intermittentmovement will be transformed into acontinuous force by integratingtheenergy of successive waves and difierent parts of the same wave.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, in which similar characters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures. Figure 1 is a top plan view ofone embodiment of my invention. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of one of thepiers and its approach.

Fig. 3 is a broken vertical sectional detail through one of the conduitsand a portion of the pier. Fig.4 is a top plan view illustrating one ofthe transmitting mechanisms, parts being broken away and in section.Fig. 5 is a horizontal section through one of the conduits and a portionof those adjacent to it, taken in a plane above the float. Fig. 6 is atransverse vertical section in a plane between two of thetransmitting-wheels- Fig. 7 is a detail in elevation of thegate-controlling mechanism; and Fig. 8 is a view similar to' Fig. 1,illustrating another embodiment of my invention. The letters P Pdesignate piers or structures, which are shown as arranged in acontinuous series situated alonga shore-line L. The preferable locationfor these piers will be that at which to the seaward there is a deepoiling unbroken by rocks or islands and having a sandy bottomof easyslope near the shore. Such conditions avoid the breaking up of the wavesinto short or irregular. forms and enable the piers to be readilyconstructed of considerable length. Each pier may include a foundation10, carried for a suitable distance below the sea'bottom and beingformedof concrete or other convenient material. Upon each foundation iserected the superstructure which is to contain and support the motormechanisms, this consisting of side walls 11, to be constructed of sheetiron or steel, and which are arranged in triangular or V shape with theapex toward the direction of advance of the waves and with the inclinedsides diverging shorewardly. The walls are shown as bolted to thefoundation by anchors 12 and may be braced in any desired manner bystays 13. Stability may be imparted to the piers by filling eachstructure with water, which may be admitted by a gate 14:, preferablylocated with its lower edge substantially at the low-tide line, it beingshown as near the apex of the pier. The top of the structure is coveredby a suitable floor 15, upon which the various transmitting andpower-receiving mechanisms may be situated, and this floor, asillustrated, is connected with the shore by an approach 16, supportedupon a skeleton structure 17, which permits the water to move laterallyafter its entrance and distribute itself uniformly for retreat seaward.The piers are situated adjacent to one another, their sides makingsubstantially equal angles with the shore and converging to open throatsat 19 to allow the passage of the unspent portions of the waves.

Along the outer or inclined sides of each pier are situated series ofsubstantially vertical casings or conduits 20, which are preferablyrectangular in horizontal section and are formed between partitions 21,with their fronts closed by a continuous wall 22. To secure greaterstrength, this outer wall is preferably double, the inner and outersections being connected by braces 23. These external walls, at least inregard to the surfaces which are subjected to the action of the waves,are plane or substantially smooth, and in them at the bottom are months24: into the conduits. The mouths are extended vertically suflicientlyto give an opening of greater area than that of the conduits intransverse section, insuring the entrance of water amply suflicient tosupply the conduits; yet this vertical extension does not diminish thenumber of conduits which may be arranged in a series. As illus trated inFig. 2, the position of these-conduitmouths is such that they are at alltimes below the trough of the wave, even at low tide, thus preventingthe accessof surface water, which carries with it destructive floatingmatter. This arrangement, moreover, diminishes the shocks to which theconduits are subjected, the wave action causing a continuous column 'ofwater to be moved up and down therein.

The bottom of each conduit from the mouth is preferably inclinedinwardly and upwardly at 23*, where it merges into a curved or concaveportion 24:, giving an enlargement extending above the mouth and to therear of each conduit. As is particularly shown in Fig. 2, theinclination of the portions 23is at different angles at differentportions of the pier, this angle gradually increasing from a horizontalplane toward the shore. The outflow of the water over this steeperdecline tends to wash away and prevent the accumulation of sand wherethe bottom most closely approaches the conduit-mouths.

Associated with each conduit is a motor mechanism, which may comprise acylindrical float 25, preferably constructed of sheet metal and having aconical or pointed lower end 26 and a convex or curved upper end 27.This float is shown as weighted at 28 to the desired extent, and fromthe weight a stay 29 projects vertically to a plate 30, secured on theinner side of thehead the float. Fixed to the outer side thereof abovethis plate is a chamber 31, the upper end of which may be closed by acover-plate 31. Extending vertically along the sides of each conduit areways, conveniently formed by angle-bars 32, between which operate pairsof guides 33. As the length of the outer way is greater than thatopposite, which is limited by the curvature of the conduit enlargement,the lower guide 34, operating upon its inner way, may be extended topreserve the coaction in the lowermost position of the float. In thechamber 31 is situated ahead 35, from which rises a motorbar 36. Thishead is preferably cushioned by springs 37, located above and below it,and which to a great extent absorb the shocks to which the float issubjected and relieve the strains upon the rack and motor mechanism.Each bar 36, .as illustrated, extends along an upright 38, movingbetween guides 39. Extreme movements of the float under extraordinaryimpulses should be limited and the concussion cushioned. Upon its upwardtravel this is effected by a buffer-plate 40, movable beneath the floorand guided by rods 41, while between it and the floor is situated aspiral spring 42, holding it normally downward. With this buffer-platethe top of the chamber 31 may contact, compressing it and lessening theabruptness of the concussion. Upon its downward movement the shock maybe taken up by a projection 43, fixed near the upper extremity of thebar and cooperating with a similar cushion or buffer device 44, mountedupon a convenient beam 46.

Secured to or formed upon each bar 36 is a rack 47, communicating themovement of the float to transmitting mechanism M. This mechanismpreferably comprises a pinion 48, meshingwith the rack and fixed upon ashaft 49, journaled in standards 50. Upon a hub of this pinion areformed ratchet-teeth 51,

coacting with similar teeth 52 upon the hub of a pinion 53, the teethbeing forced into engagement by a spring 54. This spring may at one end.contact with the standard and at the other with a plate 55, held againstlateral movement by arms 56, projecting from the standard and operatingagainst a washer 57, interposed between it and the pinion 53. Theratchet-teeth are so arranged that when the float is rising .under theimpulse of the crest of the wave the teeth slip by one another and thatwhich is caused by the falling of the float,

it is preferably provided with ratchet-teeth 60, with which coact asuitable number of pawls here illustrated as pivoted upon the beam 46.

In the face of the wheel opposite the ratchetteeth is shown a pluralityof curved channels,

conveniently three in number and concentrically arranged, each extendingthrough nearly three hundred and sixty degrees, but having at least aslight space separating their adjacent ends. One end of each channel at.61 may open outwardly at full width, while from this for the remainderof its length extends a reduced opening or slot 62. In each channeloperates a spring 63, preferably extending when not under compressionfor substantially its full length, and contacting with the end of eachspring adjacent to the opening 62 is a stud 64, having an enlarged head65, which may be introduced through the opening and then follow thespring along the channel, its shank moving through the slot. The studs64 are fixed upon the adjacent face of a wheel 66, mounted in the samemanner about the shaft 59, as is the wheel 59. In the opposite side ofthe wheel 66 are channels similar to those just described, in which aresprings coacting with studs upon a second wheel 66, these beingcontinued in a series of any desired extent, depending upon the amountof spring-compression which it is desired to secure; The last of theseries of transmission-wheels has its springs engaged by studs upon afly-wheel 67 keyed to the shaft to rotate therewith.

At one extremity of the shaft 59, Fig. 1, is fixed a cone-pulley 68,connected by a belt 69 with asimilar pulley 70, carried by apower-receiving shaft 71. The cone-pulleys furnish one form ofspeed-controlling mechanism, and to automatically operate this agovernor 71 of any convenient type may be driven from the shaft 71 bysuitable gearing 71 and be connected by a lever 71 with a belt-shifter71 serving to move the belt 69 over the conepulleys, and thus maintainthespeed of the power-receiving shaft substantially constant. Mountedupon the shaft 71 are pulleys 72, which are shown as having clutches 73,by which they may be rotatably connected with the shaft or disengagedtherefrom. These pulleys are joined by suitable belts or other gearingwith power-receiving mechanism, which, as illustrated, consists ofelectric generators 7 4, there being a number of suitable units uponeach of the shafts 71, so that the effect of comparatively small wavemovement may be utilized. At their outer. ends the power-receivingshafts of each pier are shown as connected by clutches 7 5 with gearing7 6 to a shaft 77, extending longitudinally of the pier and across itsapproach to a shaft 78, to which the shaft 77 of each pier is connectedby gearing 79. Geared to this last-named shaft is a power-receivingmechanism or generator 80. By adding the effects of the motor mechanismsof a plurality of piers and applying them to one or more suitable unitswave motions so small as to be ineffective through the motor mechanismof a single pier may be satisfactorily utilized to generate power.

In Fig.8 is illustrated another arrangement of power -receivingmechanism. Here the shafts 59 upon each pier are connected at theirinner ends by gearing 81 with a transverse shaft 82. Each of the shafts82 carries a pulley 83, with a clutch 8% associated with it,and thesepulleys may be connected by wire rope or other gearing 85 with pulleys86, which are connected by transmitting mechanisms M, similar to thoseemployed in connection with each of the motor mechanisms, with a mainpower-receiving shaft 87. This shaft may in turn be connected withgenerators 88, through cone-pulleys and speed-controlling mechanism S,such as has been previously described. In this manner a series of piersof any feasible magnitude may exert their aggregate effect upon one ormore power-receiving mechanisms in accordance with the energy which isbeing generated by the Waves at any particular time.

Between the outer double walls of the conduits and at each side of saidconduits are mounted vertical ways, conveniently formed by angle-bars89, serving to guide gates 90, operating across the conduit-mouths tocontrol the extent of their opening. These gates may be braced bysuitable members 91 to resist the pressure exerted by the water againstthem. From each gate rises an operatingrod 92, which. has extending fromit above the floor of the pier a rack 93, with which meshes a pinion 9L. Each pinion preferably carries upon its hub the member 95 of ajawclutch, with which cooperates the companion member 96, splined forlongitudinal movement upon and rotation with a shaft 97,. ex tendingalong the edge of the pier. Connected with the member 96 of each clutchis an operating-lever 98, fulcrumed at 99 uponany convenient support andhaving attached to it, above and below the fulcrum, flexible members 100100, which may. pass over guiderolls 101 to a lever 102,. the levers ofthe entire series preferably being located at the apex of the pier, themovement of any lever in one direction or the other serving to bring itsclutch into engagement or to releaseit. The shaft 97 is shown asconnected by suitable gearing 103, which is preferably so proportionedas to increase the power of the moving force, to a shaft. upon which isfixed a pulley 104, operated by a belt 105 from some convenient sourceof power. In the operation of the system it may be desirable-as, forexample, when the Waves are running highto partially close all thegates, and this may be simultaneously effected for an entire series bythrowing each of the which may consist of a toothed hub or annul'arprojection 106, carried by each-of the pinions 9A, having coacting withit a pawl 107, which is connected by an operating member 108 with theupper extremity of the clutchlever 98. such that the effect of theinitial movement of the lever to bring the clutch members together willfirst raise the pawl and when the engagement of the clutch is completedfully release the teeth 106 from the-pawl and allow the movement of thegate. The reverse of thelever throws in the pawl upon the separation ofthe clutch members. The tendency of thegates to close may be diminishedand the readinessof operation increased by suitable counterweightdevices 109. As the waves encounter the apices of the piers they aresmoothly divided thereby without breaking the sea and producing shortcross-waves, which tend to cause abrupt movements of the motormechanism. Each wave as it travels above the conduit-mouths Will compelthe column of water contained therein to rise as the crest approachesand to fall with the trough. The height of each wave is preservedsubstantially constant for its entire movement between the piers by thefact that their inclination is in proportion to the amount of watertaken up by the conduits-that is, the passage grows gradually narroweras the area of conduit-mouths increases. As each float rises the ratchetmechanism connecting its rack with the transmitting.- wheels will slipover; but as the float falls under the effect of its constant weight theIf, on the other hand, but one'or a The relation of the elementsisratchet-wheels engage and through the intermediate pinion and gearrotate the first of the transmitting-wheels. This movement presses theends of its springs against the studs of the next wheel, compressingthem, and if it be sufficient communicates movement to the next wheeland so on throughout the series. If, however, the effect of one wave isnot suflicient to accomplish this, as the float again rises the movementof the first wheel will be controlled and be prevented from backing offand losing the energy which has been stored in its springs by the pawlsThen the following impulse of the float will further compress thesprings until the effect has become suflicient to rotate the entireseries together with the fly-wheel. Thus the force is built up, thesprings expanding during each succeeding rise of the float tocommunicate to the shaft 59 the energy which is stored in them. Each ofthe transmitting mechanisms acts in the same manner, and their aggregateeffect is applied to the shaft to produce a steady and substantiallyuniform rotation, an averaging of the wave height being obtained by thefact that the floats of each series are being acted upon by all parts ofone or more waves, as is indicated in Fig. 2. Furthermore, all theflywheels will act in unison to receive a momentary excess of energyfrom any of the floats. The energy thus applied to the transmittingshafts is communicated to the power-receiving shafts and then tosuitable receiving mechanisms located either upon the piers or upon theshore and of such capacity as may be necessary to meet the existingconditions. As the waves pass beyond the last conduit they enter thecontracted throats between the piers and expand or distribute themselveslaterally beneath the approach without choking the inlets or tending tobreak the regularity of succeeding waves. In the case of a violent wavemotion, such as would be produced by storms, the gates may, ifnecessary, be almost entirely closed to throttle the force and preventits exerting an undue effect; but if the movement is such that the floatreaches its extreme positions it will be arrested by the cushions, sothat no destructive shocks will result. At the same time the spring connection between the float and its bar assists in this cushioning andtakes up the impact of lesser wave movements.

It will be noted that as the water enters each conduit it will bedirected first upwardly by the inclined bottom and the horizontalmovement gradually changed to the vertical by the curvature of the wallof the enlargement. This curvature also directs the inflowing wateragainst the opposite side of the float from that which receives thepressure at the upper edge of the mouth and tends to balance it. Waterpassing the float in the conduit is free to drain itself in the opencorners formed between the cylinder and rectangular walls, the curvatureof the top of the float facilitating this. In addition the cylindricalform of the float gives the least lateral hold upon its submergedsurface by a swirling column of water, minimizing the friction on theways and guides. The rectangular form of the conduit also tends toreduce the lateral friction and thrust by lessening the swirl. Theangular lower end enables it to enter the water in its downward movementwithout unnecessary concussion and leave it without excessive suction,this being also reduced by the unobstructed passage of the water throughthe open corner spaces.

It should be further noted that as the mouths of the conduits are alwaysbelow even the troughs of the waves at low tide such floating matter astimbers, which would be liable to destroy the parts bytheir impact orseaweed and smaller stuff which would tend to clog, will be excluded.

Having thus described myinvention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent 1. A wave-motor comprising a series of conduitsadapted to be successively acted upon by a wave, and a motor mechanismas sociated with each conduit.

2. A wave-motor comprising a series of conduits, a motor mechanismassociated with each conduit adapted to be successively acted upon by awave, and means for connecting the motor mechanisms.

3. A wave-motor comprising a series of conduits, a motor mechanismassociated with each conduit, and means .for cushioning the movement ofthe motor mechanism.

4. A wave-motor comprising a series of conduits, a motor mechanismassociated with each conduit, and means for storing the energy impartedto each motor mechanism and simultaneously cushioning its application.

5. A wave-motor system comprising a sev ries of conduits arranged in aposition inclined to the general line of advance of the waves, and motormechanism associated with the conduits.

' 6. A wave-motor system comprising a series of substantially verticalconduits arranged in a position inclined to the general line of advanceof the waves, and motor mechanism associated with the conduits.

7 A wave-motor system comprising a plurality of series of conduitsdiverging from the direction of advance of the waves, and motormechanism associated with the conduits.

8. A wave-motor system comprising a plurality of series of conduitsdiverging from an apex against which the waves are projected, and motormechanism associated with the conduits.

9. A wave-motor system comprising a plurality of series of conduitsconverging toward one another, and motor mechanism associated with theconduits.

10. A wave-motor system comprising a plu rality'of series of conduitsconverging to an open throat, and motor mechanism associated with theconduits. v

11. A wave-motor system comprising a series of conduits arranged inaposition inclined to the general line of advance of the waves, a motormechanism associated with each conduit, and means for connecting themotor mechanisms.

12. A wave-motor system comprising a series of conduits arranged in aposition inclined to the general line of advance of the waves, a motormechanism associated with each conduit, and means for cushioning themovement of the motor mechanisms.

13. A wave-motor system comprising a series of conduits arranged in aposition inclined to the general line of advance of the waves, motormechanism associated with the conduits, and means for' storing theenergy imparted to the motor mechanism.

1 1. The combination with a V-shaped pier, of a series of conduitsarranged along the inclinedsides of the pier, and motor mechanismassociated with the conduits.

15. The combination with a plurality of V- shaped piers situated withthe ends of their inclined sides adjacent to one another, of conduitsarranged along said inclined sides, and motor mechanism associated withthe conduits.

16. The combination with a plurality of V- shaped piers situated withthe ends of their inclined sides adjacent to but separated from oneanother, of conduits arranged along said inclined sides, and motormechanism associated with the conduits.

17. The combination with a pier situated offshore and having continuousouter walls in which are openings, of conduits extending from theopenings, motormechanism associated with the conduits, and a skeletonstructure connecting the pier and shore.

18. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a weighted float movable in theconduit, powerreceiving mechanism, means for transmitting the movementof the float to the power-receiving mechanism when the former is actedupon by gravity, and means for cushioning said movement.

19. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a

22. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a float movable 1n the conduit,power-receivlng mechanism, a spring, and ratchet mechanism forcontrolling the direction of expansion of the sprin 23. A wave-motorcomprising a conduit, a float movable in the conduit, andindependently-rotatable ratchet members for transmitting the movement ofthe float in one direction.

2 1. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a float movable in the conduit,and a plurality of ratchet mechanisms for transmitting the movement ofthe float in one direction and preventing reverse movement.

25. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a

, float movable in the conduit, ratchet mechanism for transmitting themovement of the float in one direction, power-receiving mechanism, aspring interposed between the power-receiving mechanism and ratchetmechanism, and

ratchet mechanism for controlling the movement of the spring.

26. A wave-motor comprising a member movable by the waves, a shaft, afly-wheel fixed upon the shaft, a transmitting-wheel movable about theshaft, and a spring cooperating with the fly-Wheel andtransmittingwheel.

27. A wave-motor comprising a member movable by the waves, a shaft, afly-wheel fixed upon the shaft, a transmitting-wheel movable about theshaft, a spring carried by one of the wheels, and a projection upon theother wheel contacting with the spring.

28. A wave-motor comprising a member movable by the waves, a shaft, afly-wheel fixed upon the shaft, a transmitting-wheel movable by theWaves, a shaft, a fly-wheel fixed upon the shaft, a transmitting -wheelmovable about the shaft and provided with a plurality of curvedchannels, springs situated within the channels, and projections upon thefly-wheel extending into the channels and contacting with the springs.

30. A wave-motor comprising a member movable by the waves, a shaft, afly-wheel fixed upon the shaft, a plurality of transmitting-wheelsmovable about the shaft, and springs cooperating with adjacent wheels.

31. A wave-motor comprising a member movable by the waves, a shaft, afly-wheel fixed upon the shaft, a series of transmittingwheels movableabout the shaft and each provided with a plurality of curved channels,springs situated within the channels, and projections from the adjacentwheels extending into the channels and contacting with the springs.

32. A wave-motor comprising a member movable by the waves, a shaft, afly-wheel fixed upon the shaft, a transmittingwheel movable about theshaft, a spring cooperat- Initting mechanism connected with the float.

36. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a float movable 1n the condult, arack extending upwardly from the float, gearlng meshing with the rack,power-receiving mechanism,

and ratchet mechanism interposed between said gearing andpower-receiving mechanism.

87. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a float movable in the conduitand having a chamber, a head movable within the chamber, and a springcontacting with the head.

38. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a float movable in the conduitand having a chamber, a head movable within the chamber, and a springcontacting with each side of the head.

39. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a float movable in the conduit,transmitting mechanism connected with the float, and a cushion situatednear the upper end of the conduit and with which the float may contact.

40. A wave-motor comprising a conduit, a float movable in the conduit, arack extending upwardly from the float, gearing meshing with the rack, aprojection from the rack, and a cushion with which the projection maycontact.

41. A wave-motor comprising a series of substantially vertical conduitshaving mouths and walls adjacent to the mouths and inclined at differentangles, a float movable in the conduit, and transmitting mechanismconnected with the float.

42. A wave-motor comprising a series of substantially vertical conduitshaving mouths and walls adjacent to the mouths and inclined atgradually-varying angles, a float movable in the conduit, andtransmitting mechanism connected with the float.

48. A wave-motor comprising a conduit having a mouth and a curvedenlargement situated opposite said mouth, a float movable in theconduit, and transmitting mechanism connected with the float.

44. A wave-motor comprising a conduit having a mouth and a curvedenlargement situated opposite said month, there being an inclined wallleading from the mouth to the enlargement, a float movable in theconduit, and transmitting mechanism connected with the float.

45. A wave motor comprising a conduit having a mouth, a float situatedin the conduit,

a gate cooperating with the conduit-mouth,

and means for positively moving the gate in both directions.

46. A wave-motor comprising a plurality of conduits each having a mouth,a float situated in each conduit, a gate cooperating with each conduitmouth, means for simultaneously moving the gates toward and from saidconduit-mouth, and means for connecting and disconnecting each gate withreference to the moving means.

47. A wave-motor comprising a conduit having a mouth, a float situatedin the conduit, a gate cooperating with the conduit-mouth, and means forlocking the gate in place.

48. A wave-motor comprising a conduit having a mouth, afloat situated inthe conduit, a gate cooperating with the conduit-mouth, and acounterweight for the gate.

49. A wave-motor comprising a plurality of conduits each having a mouth,gates cooperating with the conduit-mouths, racks extending from thegates, a shaft situated adjacent to the racks, pinions loosely mountedupon the shaft and meshing with the rack, clutches for securing thepinions to the shafts, a float operating in each conduit, andtransmitting mechanism connected with the floats.

50. A wave-motor comprising a plurality of conduits each having a mouth,gates cooperating with the conduit-mouths, racks extending from thegates, a shaft situated adjacent to the racks, pinions loosely mountedupon the shaft and meshing with the rack, clutches for securing thepinions to the shaft, a float operating in each conduit, transmittingmechanism connected with the floats, and means forsimultaneously-operating the clutches.

51. In a wave-motor system, the combination with a foundation, of aninclosing structure, means for admitting water to the inclosure,conduits situated along a side of the inclosure, and motor mechanismassociated with the conduits.

52. In a wave-motor system, the combination with a structure, ofconduits arranged along a side of the structure and having double outerwalls, braces between the walls, and motor mechanism associated with theconduits.

53. In a wave-motor system, the combination with a structure, ofconduits arranged along a side of the structure and each having a mouthand a double outer wall, motor mechanism associated with the conduits,and gates for closing the conduit-mouths operating between the walls. I

54. The combination with a plurality of IIO wave-motors, of atransmitting-shaft, a powershaft, and means for connecting said shafts,and automatic means operating upon the connecting means for controllingthe rotation of the power-shaft.

55. The combination with a plurality of wave-motors, of atransmitting-shaft, a powershaft driven thereby, cone-pulleys upon theshafts, a belt connecting the pulleys, and automatic means for movingthe belt.

56. The combination with a plurality of wave-motors, of atransmitting-shaft,' a powershaft driven thereby, cone-pulleys upon theshafts, a belt connecting the pulleys, and automatic means for movingthe belt controlled by the rotation of the power-shaft.

57. A wave-motor system comprising a plurality of separate piers, eachprovided with a series of motor mechanisms, power mechanism associatedwith each pier, and means for connecting the power mechanisms betweenthe piers.

58. A wave-motor system comprising a plurality of separate piers, eachprovided with a series of motor mechanisms, power mechanism associatedwith each pier, power-receiving mechanism common to all the piers, andmeans for storing the energy imparted by each pier to said commonpower-receiving mechanism.

59. A wave-motor system comprising a plurality of'separate piers, eachprovided with a series of motor mechanisms, power mechanism associatedwith each pier, powerreceiving mechanism commonto all the piers, andmeans for storing the energy imparted by each pier to said commonpower-receiving mechanism and simultaneously cushioning its application.

60. A wave-motor comprising a plurality of conduits each having a mouth,a float situated in each conduit, a gate cooperating with eachconduitmouth, means for simultaneously moving the gates, and means forindependently connecting each gate with the movingmeans.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

FREDERICK S. KEYES.

Witnesses:

SYLVANUS H. COBB, EVERARD BOLTON MARSHALL.

